The Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication (MoITT) has just published the Removal and Blocking of Unlawful Online Content (Procedure, Oversight, and Safeguards), Rules 2020 on its website. Widely criticized by stakeholders such as internet service providers as well as digital rights activists, these new social media rules have stirred up quite a bit of controversy over the past 24 hours.
Formed by the PTA under Sub-section(2) of Section 37 of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016, the rules have come into force with immediate effect.
According to the rules, the PTA will block or restrict online content in the interest of
Who can file complaints:
The rules state that the PTA will keep the identity of complainants confidential if the sharing of it will result in harming, harassing or defaming them or invasive of their privacy or modesty.
Before passing any order, the opportunity of a hearing will be given, reads the rules.
Social media companies, service providers, owners of information systems or owners of websites have to remove any content within 24 hours of the PTA’s notice. In case of an “emergency”, they have six hours to remove the content.
“The authority while issuing directions for removal or blocking access to any online content may direct the service provider, social media company, owner of information system, owner of internet website or web server and user to secure such information including traffic data, as the case may be, for such period of time as the authority may deem appropriate,” according to the rules. The ambiguity in the last line, “For such a period of time as the authority may deem appropriate,” means the PTA could ostensibly request user data for an extended period of time.
“If the service provider, social media company, owner of information system, owner of internet website or web server and user fails to abide by the provision of these rules, the authority may issue directions for blocking the entire online system or any services provided by such service providers owned or managed by the said service providers or social media company.”
This means the PTA has the authority under these rules to block entire social media websites if platforms don’t remove “objectionable” content within 24, or in some cases six, hours.
They also want service providers and social media companies to publish “community guidelines” that users have to read before using the platform.
These guidelines will inform the user not to host, display, upload, modify, publish, transmit, update or share any online content that:
Social media companies and service providers have also been told to deploy mechanisms to identify such content.
They cannot knowingly “host, display, upload, publish, transmit, update or share any online content and shall not allow the transmission, select the receiver of transmission, and select or modify the information contained in the transmission” either.
Service providers and social media companies with more than half a million users in Pakistan or on the list of service providers or social media companies compiled by the PTA from “time to time” will:
In case they fail to abide by the act, rules or direction, after being given a notice or opportunity of showing cause, a penalty of up to Rs500 million will be imposed on social media companies or service providers.
When the PTA will not entertain applications:
‘It is a draconian law’
Unsurprisingly, digital rights activists have been alarmed by these new rules, largely because they believe that the government has pretty much ignored all the concerns of the stakeholders involved. Moreover, the government has simply given itself way too much power and influence in the social media space.
“It is a draconian law, there is too much government involvement in the affairs of social media,” said Nighat Dad of Digital Rights Foundation.
Advocacy, research, and policy firm Bolo Bhi was also appalled at the new rules, and it took to Twitter to complain about it.
“They undermine right to speech online, impose broad content censorship rules, and threaten blocking social media platforms. They will gravely impact the internet as we know it in Pakistan,” the firm tweeted.
What do you think about the government’s controversial social media rules?
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